Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
My interest is in risk-driven project management vs process driven. The objective of project management is to mitigate risk and enhance benefits as is the role of the project manager and the entire project staff. Yet we seem to forget that and immediately focus on process. In my opinion a project, once contemplated, should start with a risk management plan including a risk/benefit analysis (typically detailed in a risk/benefit register). Every action, process, decision from that point on is then to be based on the risk analysis. The prime element of project management is risk management, all other project elements are subservient to the risk management plan. I see risk-driven project management as the basis of a successful project delivery. It takes us from the Traditional (bureaucratic) construction delivery model to Lean construction delivery and beyond. Can anyone direct me to discussion papers, blogs or groups that can help me define, debunk or advance my hypotheses? I should mention that my interest is with delivering infrastructure projects involving design and construction. Saving Changes...
I did a quick read-through of the presentation and am intrigued by a couple concepts. One is the use of trending - brings me back to my earlier days when I relied on S-curves to track project progress and predict outcomes. Second is the idea of success being based on a range of values (optimistic, target and worst case - makes me think of probability analysis) rather than specific scope, costs or dates. I need a more detailed read to fully understand the application/implication of risk analysis. I may have more comments in a couple weeks.
Thanks for the reference
Saving Changes...
Eric SimmsSenior Program ManagerBaltimore, Maryland, United States
Perform a real-life test of your hypothesis and let us know how it turns out. It would make for a very interesting PMI article or presentation. Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
I did a quick read-through of the presentation and am intrigued by a couple concepts. One is the use of trending - brings me back to my earlier days when I relied on S-curves to track project progress and predict outcomes. Second is the idea of success being based on a range of values (optimistic, target and worst case - makes me think of probability analysis) rather than specific scope, costs or dates. I need a more detailed read to fully understand the application/implication of risk analysis. I may have more comments in a couple weeks.
Thanks for the reference Saving Changes...
Vladimir LiberzonR&D Director| Spider Project TeamMoscow, Russian Federation
Hi Peter!
I will briefly explain some concepts described in my presentation.
Specific scope, costs and dates targets are set as the result of risk simulation. They shall have sufficient probabilities to be met.
We also suggest to set integrated success criterion that includes estimating the cost of time and adding it to the project budget.
We suggest to use optimistic scenario for managing project workforce.
So you will have optimistic finish and target finish, optimistic budget and target budget. Corresponding differences are time and cost project buffers (contingency reserves).
During project execution buffers will be penetrated and partially consumed. We shall estimate if buffers are consumed faster or slower than expected. It may be done looking at current probabilities to meet project targets. If probability to meet some project target is rising then we conclude that corresponding buffer is consumed slower than expected and everything is fine though we may be late to the plan.
Trends of success probabilities tell us if there is a need for corrective actions.
Traditional methods of performance analysis like Earned Value look backward for making forecasts.
Success Driven Project Management looks forward. Past performance could be perfect but new risks were identified ahead and success probability will go down informing that corrective actions are needed.
Risk simulation may be done different ways - using Monte Carlo, Three scenarios or other methods. It does not change an approach. All of them have strong and weak points. We prefer three scenarios because it is very fast and can be applied to huge projects. Since initial data for risk simulation are of poor quality advantages of using more complex methods are small.
Let me know if you will have any questions. Saving Changes...
Vincent; You write "risk ... MAY influence future decisions...". In my view risk MUST not only influence all decisions but drive all decisions. That is the basis of "risk-driven" project management. Even decisions imposed on a project from external sources (not project risk/benefit related) are due to higher level risk evaluations. It goes without saying that the possibility of imposed decisions are project risk events and should be assessed during the project risk evaluation exercise. This is critical in government project which may be subject to political influence
Peter, risk should influence all decisions, but it is not always the case. Every decision should consider how it influences risk. Evaluation of new risk triggers by the decision needs to be evaluated. We all know the world is not perfect and we may not have the required time to see all impacts.
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1 reply by Peter Rapin
Dec 24, 2019 10:34 AM
Peter Rapin
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Let's make sure we define risk broadly to include project benefits which in many circles are considered negative risk. So, that being said, all project decisions must be based on either 1) reduction (mitigation) of risk and/or 2) enhancement of benefit. Note that there can be decisions made outside the project without project consideration which can have an influence on the project. Risk or benefit must be identified by the project at that time and analyzed for extent of impact and mitigation measures identified.
You are correct that decisions, without exception, present new risks and benefits which must be analyzed at the time to determine if tolerable or mitigation measures be put in place.Every action has a reaction, some good - some not so good.
Some will argue that the action of risk identification and analysis in itself is one of the best mitigation measures available. The concept is to eliminate as many surprises as possible - surprises are rarely positive.
Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 23, 2019 6:31 PM
Replying to Vincent Guerard
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Peter, risk should influence all decisions, but it is not always the case. Every decision should consider how it influences risk. Evaluation of new risk triggers by the decision needs to be evaluated. We all know the world is not perfect and we may not have the required time to see all impacts.
Let's make sure we define risk broadly to include project benefits which in many circles are considered negative risk. So, that being said, all project decisions must be based on either 1) reduction (mitigation) of risk and/or 2) enhancement of benefit. Note that there can be decisions made outside the project without project consideration which can have an influence on the project. Risk or benefit must be identified by the project at that time and analyzed for extent of impact and mitigation measures identified.
You are correct that decisions, without exception, present new risks and benefits which must be analyzed at the time to determine if tolerable or mitigation measures be put in place.Every action has a reaction, some good - some not so good.
Some will argue that the action of risk identification and analysis in itself is one of the best mitigation measures available. The concept is to eliminate as many surprises as possible - surprises are rarely positive. Saving Changes...
Vladimir LiberzonR&D Director| Spider Project TeamMoscow, Russian Federation
Project decisions must increase the probability to achieve project targets.
Mitigation of negative risks and enhancement of positive risks are justified if probability to meet targets increases.
Risk identification and analysis shall be done regularly during project execution, identified risks shall be included in the project model together with planned responses. Risk simulation will show if achieving project targets is endangered and corrective actions are required.
Management decisions are justified if they increase reliability of meeting targets, especially integrated project success criterion.
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1 reply by Peter Rapin
Dec 26, 2019 2:57 PM
Peter Rapin
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Vladimir; In an earlier post you make reference to the "cost of time". This is an important concept however one has to consider the challenge of attaching the appropriate value to time. 1) The cost to the owner of not having the deliverable (operational costs and lost profit). These cost may be variable and could be mitigated depending on specific circumstances. One must also be aware of "drop-dead" dates (at some point the deliverable may have zero value); and 2) The project costs of extending the delivery duration including staffing and contractual commitments (construction claims). These cost can vary based on the phase in which the delay occurs. Also subject to mitigation and critical milestones. I'm not saying costing time is impossible but it may not be as simple as one would hope. One also has to consider that the final deliverable may be made up of a number of secondary deliverables (tasks within scope of work). Delays in certain tasks may have different cost impacts. As an example - delay in delivering a parking lot may have significantly less cost impact than delay in delivering the associated manufacturing facility. All these factors can be accommodated when applying Risk Driven Project Delivery. Properly applied you are always focused on what's best for the project deliverable (minimum risk, maximum benefit).
I agree with your approach to project management. As project managers implementing a methodology for a project after a while becomes automatic and routine and sometime implementing lessons learned from previous projects is easier said than done. By reducing the amount of risk in a project the likelihood of success of the project should dramatically increase. By factoring in risk and mitigating against it you are also inadvertently theoretically reducing the amount of resources that you require to complete the project. All professions have a risk mitigating process built into it whether its simply insuring against loss, disaster recovery sites or rainy days funds, risk mitigation can take many forms and associated solutions.
Daire Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 24, 2019 12:18 PM
Replying to Vladimir Liberzon
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Project decisions must increase the probability to achieve project targets.
Mitigation of negative risks and enhancement of positive risks are justified if probability to meet targets increases.
Risk identification and analysis shall be done regularly during project execution, identified risks shall be included in the project model together with planned responses. Risk simulation will show if achieving project targets is endangered and corrective actions are required.
Management decisions are justified if they increase reliability of meeting targets, especially integrated project success criterion.
Vladimir; In an earlier post you make reference to the "cost of time". This is an important concept however one has to consider the challenge of attaching the appropriate value to time. 1) The cost to the owner of not having the deliverable (operational costs and lost profit). These cost may be variable and could be mitigated depending on specific circumstances. One must also be aware of "drop-dead" dates (at some point the deliverable may have zero value); and 2) The project costs of extending the delivery duration including staffing and contractual commitments (construction claims). These cost can vary based on the phase in which the delay occurs. Also subject to mitigation and critical milestones. I'm not saying costing time is impossible but it may not be as simple as one would hope. One also has to consider that the final deliverable may be made up of a number of secondary deliverables (tasks within scope of work). Delays in certain tasks may have different cost impacts. As an example - delay in delivering a parking lot may have significantly less cost impact than delay in delivering the associated manufacturing facility. All these factors can be accommodated when applying Risk Driven Project Delivery. Properly applied you are always focused on what's best for the project deliverable (minimum risk, maximum benefit).
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1 reply by Vladimir Liberzon
Dec 27, 2019 3:26 PM
Vladimir Liberzon
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Yes, Peter, you are right.
Cost of time must be applied not only to the project as a whole but also to intermediate milestones and is different for different project stakeholders.
We model costs of time using hammock activities that start from the optimistic and finish at the expected date of certain milestones in the current schedule. In the portfolio schedule delays in the current project may generate cost of time in the connected projects.
Yes, we use this when create project models and simulate project risks.
But this concept of cost of time is most useful for justifying project decision making,
When project managers need to take decision if it makes sense to use additional resources for project acceleration integrated project success criterion that includes the cost of time shows if this decision is justified.
The models we create and use include these hammock activities with assigned cost of time and help managers with decision making. And yes, costs of time are different for Clients and Contractors and they use different models.
Saving Changes...
Vladimir LiberzonR&D Director| Spider Project TeamMoscow, Russian Federation
Dec 26, 2019 2:57 PM
Replying to Peter Rapin
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Vladimir; In an earlier post you make reference to the "cost of time". This is an important concept however one has to consider the challenge of attaching the appropriate value to time. 1) The cost to the owner of not having the deliverable (operational costs and lost profit). These cost may be variable and could be mitigated depending on specific circumstances. One must also be aware of "drop-dead" dates (at some point the deliverable may have zero value); and 2) The project costs of extending the delivery duration including staffing and contractual commitments (construction claims). These cost can vary based on the phase in which the delay occurs. Also subject to mitigation and critical milestones. I'm not saying costing time is impossible but it may not be as simple as one would hope. One also has to consider that the final deliverable may be made up of a number of secondary deliverables (tasks within scope of work). Delays in certain tasks may have different cost impacts. As an example - delay in delivering a parking lot may have significantly less cost impact than delay in delivering the associated manufacturing facility. All these factors can be accommodated when applying Risk Driven Project Delivery. Properly applied you are always focused on what's best for the project deliverable (minimum risk, maximum benefit).
Yes, Peter, you are right.
Cost of time must be applied not only to the project as a whole but also to intermediate milestones and is different for different project stakeholders.
We model costs of time using hammock activities that start from the optimistic and finish at the expected date of certain milestones in the current schedule. In the portfolio schedule delays in the current project may generate cost of time in the connected projects.
Yes, we use this when create project models and simulate project risks.
But this concept of cost of time is most useful for justifying project decision making,
When project managers need to take decision if it makes sense to use additional resources for project acceleration integrated project success criterion that includes the cost of time shows if this decision is justified.
The models we create and use include these hammock activities with assigned cost of time and help managers with decision making. And yes, costs of time are different for Clients and Contractors and they use different models. Saving Changes...