Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
My interest is in risk-driven project management vs process driven. The objective of project management is to mitigate risk and enhance benefits as is the role of the project manager and the entire project staff. Yet we seem to forget that and immediately focus on process. In my opinion a project, once contemplated, should start with a risk management plan including a risk/benefit analysis (typically detailed in a risk/benefit register). Every action, process, decision from that point on is then to be based on the risk analysis. The prime element of project management is risk management, all other project elements are subservient to the risk management plan. I see risk-driven project management as the basis of a successful project delivery. It takes us from the Traditional (bureaucratic) construction delivery model to Lean construction delivery and beyond. Can anyone direct me to discussion papers, blogs or groups that can help me define, debunk or advance my hypotheses? I should mention that my interest is with delivering infrastructure projects involving design and construction. Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 09, 2019 9:11 AM
Replying to Steve Ratkaj
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I agree whole hardly with your comments about project plans. Project plans in themselves should only concentrate on the "ground rules" so to speak about how various aspects of project management will be managed. For us, since we have a phased approach, our "phase" plans will speak to what it is we need to achieve to get to the next phase. It is to provide some substantiation for senior management that gives them confidence in what it is you are doing in each of the phases. For myself, the schedule for the most part is the "plan".
I also agree there is nothing wrong with working backwards, however problems arise when one quickly realizes after some detailed planning that those initial dates/ budgets are not achievable. It then gets really bad, when the sponsor refuses to change the dates and/ or the budget. At this point, logic does not apply in its truest sense. The logic being applied is by those, who themselves do not understand the timelines involved, but instead have made commitments (usually finance related) without consulting with those that must execute the projects. It is a lose-lose scenario that I have seem time and time again. This all goes back to proper planning IMHO.
Your last comment is particularly relevant, as for us in the government, this is often the case of much angst.
This is when the risk or probability of achieving the decided result kicks in. You don't tell the client/owner that their objectives can't be achieved - you explain that the probability is low with a high risk of failure. Then you explain what failure may mean in terms of cost and time. You may also wish to advise what can be done to mitigate the failure within the imposed constraints. I know its not easy, and may be hazardous to your job as PM, however nobody said it was going to be easy. In my experience too many PMs accept the impossible task afraid to push back or don't see it as worthwhile. Ultimately it will come to roost and the client/owner will have to pay.
I've seen owner/clients that have suffered numerous project failures and look to change the project delivery process - say from traditional to Lean or Agile - without looking at the root problem. Doesn't really help.
Note, project failure does not mean total collapse, to me it means failure to one key objective, client satisfaction. Saving Changes...
Risk should be part of project evaluation from the start, maybe more in construction. There is usually two party involve in a construction project, the client and the construction organisation.
From the client point of view many kind of risk need to be evaluated. In the early phase, the organisation need to consider the mode of realization, many option here that put risk on the client or the constructor. That a key input in the project planning.
From the constructor/bidder project should be an early risk evaluation. Many organisation have a go/nogo at that stage, that should evaluate risk vs expected benefits. And has they decide to make a proposal, risk should be thoroughly evaluated during planning and estimation.
Then come winning and execution of the construction, that may include the design.
Management is all about effectively meeting objectives. Objectives are met by identifying and mitigating risks and enhancing benefits. If there were no risks there would be no need for management. All project stakeholders have to manage their risks which is necessary for not only each stakeholder to succeed but also for the project to succeed.
In a construction project there are at least four main entities/roles, the Owner, the Users (sometimes the Owner), the Project Office (many times the Owner), the Designer (usually external) and the Constructor (also external). The roles can be combined but even so, should be seen as separate. In addition to these you may have government agencies, the public, adjacent land users, etc.The more complex it gets the more critical is the risk management effort.
Not only is risk management part of the project evaluation but it needs to continue throughout the project cycle. Risk management is not a deliverable - its a tool and a dynamic one at that.
Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 09, 2019 10:28 AM
Replying to Vincent Guerard
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Peter,
Risk should be part of project evaluation from the start, maybe more in construction. There is usually two party involve in a construction project, the client and the construction organisation.
From the client point of view many kind of risk need to be evaluated. In the early phase, the organisation need to consider the mode of realization, many option here that put risk on the client or the constructor. That a key input in the project planning.
From the constructor/bidder project should be an early risk evaluation. Many organisation have a go/nogo at that stage, that should evaluate risk vs expected benefits. And has they decide to make a proposal, risk should be thoroughly evaluated during planning and estimation.
Then come winning and execution of the construction, that may include the design.
Management is all about effectively meeting objectives. Objectives are met by identifying and mitigating risks and enhancing benefits. If there were no risks there would be no need for management. All project stakeholders have to manage their risks which is necessary for not only each stakeholder to succeed but also for the project to succeed.
In a construction project there are at least four main entities/roles, the Owner, the Users (sometimes the Owner), the Project Office (many times the Owner), the Designer (usually external) and the Constructor (also external). The roles can be combined but even so, should be seen as separate. In addition to these you may have government agencies, the public, adjacent land users, etc.The more complex it gets the more critical is the risk management effort.
Not only is risk management part of the project evaluation but it needs to continue throughout the project cycle. Risk management is not a deliverable - its a tool and a dynamic one at that. Saving Changes...
You are right, there is more than two, it was to illustrate that risk are not the same if you are the Owner or any other roles in the project context. Some risks are transfer from the owner to any other role according to contractual agreement.
Risk needs to be re-evaluated on a regular basis and may influence future decisions until the project is completed.
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1 reply by Peter Rapin
Dec 10, 2019 2:58 PM
Peter Rapin
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Vincent; You write "risk ... MAY influence future decisions...". In my view risk MUST not only influence all decisions but drive all decisions. That is the basis of "risk-driven" project management. Even decisions imposed on a project from external sources (not project risk/benefit related) are due to higher level risk evaluations. It goes without saying that the possibility of imposed decisions are project risk events and should be assessed during the project risk evaluation exercise. This is critical in government project which may be subject to political influence
Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
You write "risk ... MAY influence future decisions...". In my view risk MUST not only influence all decisions but drive all decisions. That is the basis of "risk-driven" project management. Even decisions imposed on a project from external sources (not project risk/benefit related) are due to higher level risk evaluations. It goes without saying that the possibility of imposed decisions are project risk events and should be assessed during the project risk evaluation exercise. This is critical in government project which may be subject to political influence. Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 09, 2019 8:51 PM
Replying to Vincent Guerard
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Peter,
You are right, there is more than two, it was to illustrate that risk are not the same if you are the Owner or any other roles in the project context. Some risks are transfer from the owner to any other role according to contractual agreement.
Risk needs to be re-evaluated on a regular basis and may influence future decisions until the project is completed.
Vincent; You write "risk ... MAY influence future decisions...". In my view risk MUST not only influence all decisions but drive all decisions. That is the basis of "risk-driven" project management. Even decisions imposed on a project from external sources (not project risk/benefit related) are due to higher level risk evaluations. It goes without saying that the possibility of imposed decisions are project risk events and should be assessed during the project risk evaluation exercise. This is critical in government project which may be subject to political influence
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1 reply by Vincent Guerard
Dec 23, 2019 6:31 PM
Vincent Guerard
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Peter, risk should influence all decisions, but it is not always the case. Every decision should consider how it influences risk. Evaluation of new risk triggers by the decision needs to be evaluated. We all know the world is not perfect and we may not have the required time to see all impacts.
So if every decision is risk based, then should every decision made be documented in the risk register?
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1 reply by Peter Rapin
Dec 11, 2019 10:15 AM
Peter Rapin
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The question of what decisions to record, where to record them and who should record is an important one. This should be established at the start of the project and is subject to risk/benefit analysis. The Risk Register may not identify all risks but only significant risks. What are significant risks - determine this in the initial analysis based on project complexity and risk tolerance. That being said, the Project Manager should only be making decisions that have a significant impact on project delivery and thus most likely should be recorded. Most day-to-day decisions should be delegated to staff especially administrative decisions. Keep in mind that recording decisions may not be project driven but "cover-your-butt" considerations. I have known Project Managers to have a personal Risk Register (at least in their heads if not in writing) - what are my personal/professional risks associated with this assignment and how do I mitigate.
Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Dec 10, 2019 3:54 PM
Replying to Steve Ratkaj
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So if every decision is risk based, then should every decision made be documented in the risk register?
The question of what decisions to record, where to record them and who should record is an important one. This should be established at the start of the project and is subject to risk/benefit analysis. The Risk Register may not identify all risks but only significant risks. What are significant risks - determine this in the initial analysis based on project complexity and risk tolerance. That being said, the Project Manager should only be making decisions that have a significant impact on project delivery and thus most likely should be recorded. Most day-to-day decisions should be delegated to staff especially administrative decisions. Keep in mind that recording decisions may not be project driven but "cover-your-butt" considerations. I have known Project Managers to have a personal Risk Register (at least in their heads if not in writing) - what are my personal/professional risks associated with this assignment and how do I mitigate.
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1 reply by Steve Ratkaj
Dec 11, 2019 10:45 AM
Steve Ratkaj
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Some very good points. Overall, based on my experience, projects typically do not do a good job of documenting records of decision. This point has been raised many times during internal audit reviews. There should be a means to homologize keys records of decision, and their associated risk into the risk register, but this my be too transparent for many as you have alluded to.
The question of what decisions to record, where to record them and who should record is an important one. This should be established at the start of the project and is subject to risk/benefit analysis. The Risk Register may not identify all risks but only significant risks. What are significant risks - determine this in the initial analysis based on project complexity and risk tolerance. That being said, the Project Manager should only be making decisions that have a significant impact on project delivery and thus most likely should be recorded. Most day-to-day decisions should be delegated to staff especially administrative decisions. Keep in mind that recording decisions may not be project driven but "cover-your-butt" considerations. I have known Project Managers to have a personal Risk Register (at least in their heads if not in writing) - what are my personal/professional risks associated with this assignment and how do I mitigate.
Some very good points. Overall, based on my experience, projects typically do not do a good job of documenting records of decision. This point has been raised many times during internal audit reviews. There should be a means to homologize keys records of decision, and their associated risk into the risk register, but this my be too transparent for many as you have alluded to. Saving Changes...
Peter RapinSubject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent ConsultantOntario, Canada
Thanks all for your interest and response to this question regarding risk driven project management. Much appreciated. I have also been provided with good references for further research. Thanks. i remain convinced that management evolved from a need to identify, manage and mitigate risk. The processes identified in the PMI PMBOK and other industry standards and guidelines are based on lessons learned over many years of project management, mostly in response to events both good and bad (risks and benefits).
Thanks again Peter Saving Changes...