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Decision Making and Project Management

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Luis Branco CEO| Business Insight, Consultores de Gestão, Ldª Carcavelos, Lisboa, Portugal
All project managers have to make decisions

Do you systematically follow a decision-making process?

Want to share with us your insight on the subject?

If you use a decision-making process, what steps do you consider?
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Daire Guiney Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Jan 05, 2020 7:25 AM
Replying to Luis Branco
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Dear Daire
Thanks for your comment

We agree with what he wrote: "I would say through learning and experience we know the approach to decision making process but we also need to look at how when decision we make go wrong and how we recover, rectify and learn from the situation. Also why these decisions may go wrong. "

Why is there a lack of adherence by team members?
Dear Luis,

In situations where there is a lack of adherence by team members, a lot of the time it is because they do not respect the project manager and the decision that they make. The reason for this lack of respect is a lot more complicated but could stem from internal division within a team, not getting a promotion, age discrimination to a young project manager managing people who are older then them, lack of leadership from above in the organisation hierarchy, lethargy and disinterest towards the job that leads to a lack of respect to the project manager and many more reasons which depend on a specific set of circumstances. The decision making process is a complicated topic and it can spin off in a lot of direction, this being one so maybe we can tease out exactly what is consistently required by a project manager in order to come to a decision.

Daire
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2 replies by Adrian Carlogea and Luis Branco
Jan 05, 2020 9:49 PM
Adrian Carlogea
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Hi Daire,

The problem is that in many cases the PMs are not experts in a relevant line of work of the project and because of this they can't make proper work related decisions. Some such PMs do try to make, to some extent, work related decisions but the decisions they try to make many times are not good. The decisions either make no sense at all for the team members or they make their life much harder.

Many PMs with no or little SME knowledge would often try to act as pure facilitators making absolutely no decision or they would try to avoid getting involved in the decision making process altogether. These PMs would often be labelled by some team members as being administrative workers or secretaries.

I am not sure about other domains but in IT it is very hard for a non-technical IT PM to be respected by technical IT workers.

The fact that the PM is younger than some team members is not an age discrimination in my opinion. In many companies project managers are not real managers but individual contributors reporting to different managers than the other team members.

At the company level the older project team members may be at a much higher level and at a higher pay than the younger PMs. The team members and the PMs are most of the times on different reporting structure. The younger PM is not the boss of the older team member and becoming a PM may not even be a career option for the team members.
Jan 06, 2020 12:24 PM
Luis Branco
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Dear Daire
Thank you for your opinion

Can we add, perhaps as a main reason, that team members have not been consulted?
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Adrian Carlogea Australia
Jan 04, 2020 2:30 PM
Replying to Luis Branco
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Dear Wade
I was reflecting a little better on what I wrote: "In a project manager role, I'm rarely the decision-maker. More often, I'm doing everything I can to get other people to make decisions. That's more difficult, in my opinion. "

You mean, who makes the decisions are your team members? (Correct me if I misunderstood what you wrote)

If you are a facilitator in the decision making process, would you like to share your experience with us?
Hi Luis,

Until Wade answers I can share my opinion about this if you don't mind.

In projects I have identified the following major types of decisions:
- decisions regarding on what are the requirements of the project
- decisions on what to actually deliver and how much money and resources to use
- decisions regarding the solution to be used in order to develop the required product or service
- decisions on what is higher priority and what needs to be delivered faster

Usually PMs are involved in all the above decisions and they lead the decision making process but, as a general rule, they don't make the decisions.

For example in most cases it is not the PM the person that decides the priorities of the project and the project team. The PM however needs to ask the relevant stakeholders to define those priorities so that he can pass them to the team.

PMs that are also good SMEs in a relevant line of work can make decisions regarding the solution (if they are authorized to do so) but those that are not also technical experts can't make such decisions.

All the PMs may make some decision regarding the project management process unless the company already has a rigid project management process that must be followed.
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1 reply by Luis Branco
Jan 06, 2020 12:21 PM
Luis Branco
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Dear Adrian
Thank you for participating in this reflection and for your opinion.

Very good your identification of major types of decisions

Wrote: "Usually PMs are involved in all the above decisions and they lead the decision making process but, as a general rule, they don't make the decisions"

Who is it usually that decisions make?

A project manager whose decision-making competence has been depleted or the scope in which he makes decisions is limited, can we say that he is a manager?
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Muthukrishnan Ramakrishnan Automation & Validation Engineer| Automation & Validation Solutions Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
Question is interesting. And, many people have taken it to answer this in a professional way. There's nothing more to add from my end.
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1 reply by Luis Branco
Jan 06, 2020 12:43 PM
Luis Branco
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Dear Muthukrishnan

Thank you for participating in this reflection.
Your opinion is very important

From what was shared here, what do you consider relevant to the decision-making process?
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Adrian Carlogea Australia
Jan 05, 2020 10:31 AM
Replying to Daire Guiney
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Dear Luis,

In situations where there is a lack of adherence by team members, a lot of the time it is because they do not respect the project manager and the decision that they make. The reason for this lack of respect is a lot more complicated but could stem from internal division within a team, not getting a promotion, age discrimination to a young project manager managing people who are older then them, lack of leadership from above in the organisation hierarchy, lethargy and disinterest towards the job that leads to a lack of respect to the project manager and many more reasons which depend on a specific set of circumstances. The decision making process is a complicated topic and it can spin off in a lot of direction, this being one so maybe we can tease out exactly what is consistently required by a project manager in order to come to a decision.

Daire
Hi Daire,

The problem is that in many cases the PMs are not experts in a relevant line of work of the project and because of this they can't make proper work related decisions. Some such PMs do try to make, to some extent, work related decisions but the decisions they try to make many times are not good. The decisions either make no sense at all for the team members or they make their life much harder.

Many PMs with no or little SME knowledge would often try to act as pure facilitators making absolutely no decision or they would try to avoid getting involved in the decision making process altogether. These PMs would often be labelled by some team members as being administrative workers or secretaries.

I am not sure about other domains but in IT it is very hard for a non-technical IT PM to be respected by technical IT workers.

The fact that the PM is younger than some team members is not an age discrimination in my opinion. In many companies project managers are not real managers but individual contributors reporting to different managers than the other team members.

At the company level the older project team members may be at a much higher level and at a higher pay than the younger PMs. The team members and the PMs are most of the times on different reporting structure. The younger PM is not the boss of the older team member and becoming a PM may not even be a career option for the team members.
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Luis Branco CEO| Business Insight, Consultores de Gestão, Ldª Carcavelos, Lisboa, Portugal
Jan 04, 2020 4:44 PM
Replying to Peter Rapin
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I generally agree with Rajon's seven steps. However I tend to spend a lot of attention to the problem statement (step 1). I find that we don't spend enough time drilling down and establishing the underlying issue. How did we get to this problem? Who's problem is it to solve? How critical is this problem? How much effort is warranted to achieve a solution? In many cases a problem has come across my desk because someone else failed to resolve it, or someone tried to solve an earlier problem without looking at the consequences, sometimes its only perceived to be a problem and at other times its a low risk or low cost problem.
Once we have addressed the initial problem definition then we can determine the effort to be applied towards a solution, steps 2 to 7. The solution may be a mental exercise (even sub-conscience) or a multi-discipline full blown business case.
I would add "documentation" to step 7. Could be a note in your day-book, a summary of meeting, or a Business Case report depending on the severity and impact of the problem and solution (see step 1)
Dear Peter
Thank you for participating in this reflection and for your opinion.

Seems to me to be a good process Rajon's seven steps

Interesting the importance it gives to phase 1 (Problem definition)

When using this process, do you often consult with people on your team and / or other stakeholders?

What stage do you do it in?

Do you usually tell people your decision?
At what stage do you do it and how do you do it?
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1 reply by Peter Rapin
Jan 06, 2020 10:02 AM
Peter Rapin
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I see from reading some of the responses that people are not differentiating project decisions from personal. In my experience, project decisions are rarely made in isolation. As a project manager or SME I don't recall ever taking a problem into my little space and then coming out with the answer with thoughts of imposing it on the team.
Typically the problems comes from/through the team, the problem is defined with the team and the team participates throughout the process. The decisions is made with the team. I may have taken some time - leave it with me for a couple days - and then comeback for a final go. If its an HR issue or high level concern (not direct project team related) the interaction is with senior management, but rarely alone. This does not mean I can't make decisions that are mine to make, only that the project decision process must be transparent in order to achieve acceptance.
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Luis Branco CEO| Business Insight, Consultores de Gestão, Ldª Carcavelos, Lisboa, Portugal
Jan 05, 2020 6:44 AM
Replying to Eduardo Saravia Neyra
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Hello Luis,

To get sure to solve a correct problema follow a decision- making process

1 Identify the problem
2 Find the root cause
3 Analyze the root cause
4 Find alternative solutions
5 Implement the best solution
6 Follow the implementation of the response

This step a follow is a have a problem.
Dear Eduardo
Thank you for participating in this reflection and for your opinion.

Do you often consult your team members and key project stakeholders in this process?
What process do you do it in? How do you do it?

In what process do you communicate your decision to team members? How do you do it?
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Luis Branco CEO| Business Insight, Consultores de Gestão, Ldª Carcavelos, Lisboa, Portugal
Jan 05, 2020 9:46 AM
Replying to RAJON BANERJEE
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Dear Luis,

Many thanks & I am also interested to answer the following question given by you, It's my pleasure & respect to you.

"Decision Making" - This is one of the main capability of all leaders in any type of organization "?

Ans: It's only because in most of the case leaders are involved in critical phase decision & Sr. Management also play major roles on the same.

1- The manager tells you what to do and how to do it.How would you feel?

Ans: It's quite obvious. Because, if any critical circumstances arrive they need to play a major role. I have already witnessed this circumstances where I can see my manager given a master command to me "Rajon, Do what I say.". Reason was that one of the critical report is not working in production environment where UAT it's successfully evaluated. After cross examination I was a DBA & did RCA with proper investigation on the same. It take more than 5 Hrs to resolve this scenario.

I never mind on his command because he told me to do that. As he is more experienced than me. More over 25 years where I have only 10 years.

2- The manager asks you for your opinion on what to do and how to do it. How would you feel?

Ans: This situation also I deal with. As we are doing critical BFSI(Banking) operation. We need to do delivery on time & also in Green Go. At that time we have a delivery but one of the critical resource is not available so our project is on delay. As I don't have sufficient contingency, situation was worst. Bank told to impose penalty & it was a big loss. At that time my manager asked me "Rajon, How we can prevent & keep back on track this project." However, As a Sr. Technical Lead I play my role to handle this situation.
I feel it's really respectful case where a Sr. Manager communicate with this line. Because, he need to save the organization as well as customer reputation & team also.

These two was happened with me. It's real example.

Thanks,
Rajon
Dear Rajon
Thanks for your feedback

I am convinced that all people can learn to make decisions.

The principle is: "We are free to choose (decide) but responsible for the results and / or consequences of our choices (decisions)."

After carefully reading what you have written, I do not understand what you feel when:
1. A decision is communicated without consulting you.
2. You are consulted before making any decision.

Which decision do you accept best? Which decision will you gladly implement?
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1 reply by RAJON BANERJEE
Jan 06, 2020 10:04 AM
RAJON BANERJEE
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Dear Luis,

These are very close questions, however I am trying to elaborate the same:

1. A decision is communicated without consulting you.

Ans: I think this is a forcible scenario. These can come in two circumstances giving example in below:

A. Organization Level: When any organization decide any strategic movement then this such kind of communication give to all employee.
Sr. management involve on that & no bargain/argument is allowed with this regards.

B. Project Level: Say project in critical phase & need extra hour to complete the deliverables. Then manager can issue general mail to provide extra effort or increase working hours to every team member.

Such type of communication is by default a forcing in nature.

2. You are consulted before making any decision.

Ans: Assume I am a Sr. team member & manager asked me a crucial decision. Say performance of a particular team member & allote the working grade. However, as a sr. team member I have to disclose all to my manager regarding this team member. I think here I need to follow respect & honesty to make such decision. It could be anything. Just I am mentioning sample example.

Now, coming to your answer, acceptance of these two aforesaid scenario.

1. I usually not support the forceive decision. But here is also one point. What is the situation? Means situational decision making strategy.

2. Here also I need to think before placing a decision what will be the impact or counter effect. It could goes positive or negative both are the possibilities in here & it's very sensitive. Because, anything happen it's directly/indirectly affect me.

But, I will go with 2. Not with 1. Because as a senior member I need to take this responsibility.

However, this is the justification from my end.

Like to know your opinion also on this.

Thanks,
Rajon
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Peter Rapin Subject Matter Expect; Project Delivery| Independent Consultant Ontario, Canada
Jan 06, 2020 4:48 AM
Replying to Luis Branco
...
Dear Peter
Thank you for participating in this reflection and for your opinion.

Seems to me to be a good process Rajon's seven steps

Interesting the importance it gives to phase 1 (Problem definition)

When using this process, do you often consult with people on your team and / or other stakeholders?

What stage do you do it in?

Do you usually tell people your decision?
At what stage do you do it and how do you do it?
I see from reading some of the responses that people are not differentiating project decisions from personal. In my experience, project decisions are rarely made in isolation. As a project manager or SME I don't recall ever taking a problem into my little space and then coming out with the answer with thoughts of imposing it on the team.
Typically the problems comes from/through the team, the problem is defined with the team and the team participates throughout the process. The decisions is made with the team. I may have taken some time - leave it with me for a couple days - and then comeback for a final go. If its an HR issue or high level concern (not direct project team related) the interaction is with senior management, but rarely alone. This does not mean I can't make decisions that are mine to make, only that the project decision process must be transparent in order to achieve acceptance.
...
2 replies by Daire Guiney and Luis Branco
Jan 06, 2020 10:59 AM
Daire Guiney
...
Dear Peter,

I would have to disagree with you entirely on this point. A team collaborates in the decision making process by gathering relevant information, alternatives, risks, pros/cons and all the other elements already defined by others in the decision making process but ultimately (and that's what they get paid for) the project manager assess the risk and either escalate up to project sponsor or client for a decision on a particular course of action or the project manager makes a decision on behalf of the client acting in their best interest. For example if there are two alternative approaches to a project e.g. build a tunnel or build a bridge to cross a body of water, the client employs a project team made up of many experts in various fields in order to solve the problem. The client may decide based on cost, environmental issues, time to completion or planning permission but in most circumstances the client will go with what the project manager will advise them as they ultimately are the experts in managing project and not the client. Decision by consensus do not really happen in the real world on large scale projects. There is always one person depending on seniority who makes the decisions.

Daire
Jan 07, 2020 5:31 AM
Luis Branco
...
Dear Peter
Thanks for your feedback

If you involve the team in the decision making process and communicate the decision effectively, you have people with you
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RAJON BANERJEE Kalyani, District: Nadia, West Bengal, India
Jan 06, 2020 6:11 AM
Replying to Luis Branco
...
Dear Rajon
Thanks for your feedback

I am convinced that all people can learn to make decisions.

The principle is: "We are free to choose (decide) but responsible for the results and / or consequences of our choices (decisions)."

After carefully reading what you have written, I do not understand what you feel when:
1. A decision is communicated without consulting you.
2. You are consulted before making any decision.

Which decision do you accept best? Which decision will you gladly implement?
Dear Luis,

These are very close questions, however I am trying to elaborate the same:

1. A decision is communicated without consulting you.

Ans: I think this is a forcible scenario. These can come in two circumstances giving example in below:

A. Organization Level: When any organization decide any strategic movement then this such kind of communication give to all employee.
Sr. management involve on that & no bargain/argument is allowed with this regards.

B. Project Level: Say project in critical phase & need extra hour to complete the deliverables. Then manager can issue general mail to provide extra effort or increase working hours to every team member.

Such type of communication is by default a forcing in nature.

2. You are consulted before making any decision.

Ans: Assume I am a Sr. team member & manager asked me a crucial decision. Say performance of a particular team member & allote the working grade. However, as a sr. team member I have to disclose all to my manager regarding this team member. I think here I need to follow respect & honesty to make such decision. It could be anything. Just I am mentioning sample example.

Now, coming to your answer, acceptance of these two aforesaid scenario.

1. I usually not support the forceive decision. But here is also one point. What is the situation? Means situational decision making strategy.

2. Here also I need to think before placing a decision what will be the impact or counter effect. It could goes positive or negative both are the possibilities in here & it's very sensitive. Because, anything happen it's directly/indirectly affect me.

But, I will go with 2. Not with 1. Because as a senior member I need to take this responsibility.

However, this is the justification from my end.

Like to know your opinion also on this.

Thanks,
Rajon
...
1 reply by Luis Branco
Jan 07, 2020 5:38 AM
Luis Branco
...
Dear Rajon
Thank you for sharing your opinion

My questions were asked you to answer yourself (listening to your voice)

Depending on the answer you got (from within), start working with these answers in mind

It is more effective to involve people in the decision making process.
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Joao Sarmento Senior Project/Program Manager| UNITEL Luanda, Luanda, Angola
Hi Luís,

Most people focused on more complex decisions, since the question scope was broad... I'd like to add my two cents regarding something smaller but repetitive: the constant decisions we need to make regarding tasks!

On a daily basis I use Eisenhower's Decision Matrix. I find it quite effective tackling the huge list of requests and distractions we are exposed to everyday... Another similar example is e-mail management where I use inbox zero.

Regards,
...
1 reply by Luis Branco
Jan 07, 2020 5:42 AM
Luis Branco
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Dear João
Thank you for participating in this reflection and for your opinion.

Interesting Eisenhower's Decision Matrix for "the constant decisions we need to make regarding tasks"

As long as you consider these two points

Delegating is different from distributing work :-)
Communicating is different from sending emails :-)
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