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Applying AI to Projects Ethically

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Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
What are the most important ethical issues facing a project manager when applying AI to their projects? What steps would you take to ensure that AI is applied ethically to your projects?
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Rami Kaibni
Community Champion
Senior Projects Manager | Field & Marten Associates New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
Ian, this is the question of the century as I've seen this question being asked so many times and I personally I am concerned about the Ethical and Security aspects of using AI because its still somehow unregulated and in its enfancy. Several ethical concerns comes to mind from Bias, Transparency, Accountability, Data Privacy and Security, to Impact on the Workforce.

We need to start taking steps as of now to address those ethical concerns like putting Ethical Guidliens and Policies, Training, Frequent Ethical Reviews, and Continuous Montioring.
...
1 reply by Ian Whittingham
Dec 02, 2023 9:07 AM
Ian Whittingham
...
One of the ways in which we can all prepare for the ethical challenges of AI is by looking at real world examples and learning from them. A great resource to help with this learning process is the AIAAIC Repository (AIAAIC stands for AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Incidents and Controversies).

The Repository is an open resource that details incidents and controversies driven by and relating to artificial intelligence, algorithms, and automation. By collecting, dissecting, and surfacing incidents and issues from a responsible, ethical 'outside-in' perspective in an objective and balanced manner, the Repository enables users to identify, examine, and understand the nature, risks, and impacts of AI, algorithms, and automation.

Highly recommended as a resource to help with researching practical solutions to AI ethical issues, the Repository can be accessed here at https://www.aiaaic.org/home
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Kiron Bondale Retired | Mentor| Retired Welland, Ontario, Canada
Ian -

Having an organization policy on the appropriate use of AI is a good starting point, so long as it focuses on establishing guardrails and not constraints on creative use of technology. As Rami has indicated, broad training for any interested staff is also key as it provides the opportunity to showcase appropriate and non-appropriate usage.

Kiron
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1 reply by Ian Whittingham
Dec 02, 2023 9:22 AM
Ian Whittingham
...
Yes, organizational polices and appropriate guardrails are critical elements in creating environments in which AI is developed and applied ethically. This is something I examined last October in the following article, https://www.projectmanagement.com/articles...-intelligence-, in which I highlighted work been done by the Australian Government’s Department of Industry, Innovation and Science and the European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on AI to promote ethical frameworks and guidelines for AI.

Since I wrote the article, the race to develop more powerful and sophisticated generative AI, such as ChatGPT (released on November 30, 2022), has given much more urgent impetus to answering this question.
avatar
Markus Kopko AI Enabler for Project & Program Mgmt | Founder PMotion.ai / The PM AI Coach| PMotion.ai Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Dear Ian,

When applying AI to project management, several ethical considerations must be considered. The most important ethical issues facing a project manager in this context include bias and fairness, transparency and explainability, privacy and security, and job displacement. Here are the steps I would take to ensure AI is applied ethically:

1. Understanding and Mitigating Bias:
Awareness of Bias: Recognize that AI algorithms can inherit biases in their training data, leading to unfair outcomes.
Diverse Data Sets: Ensure that the data used to train AI models is as diverse and representative as possible to minimize bias.
Regular Auditing: Implement regular audits of AI systems to identify and address any potential biases.
2. Ensuring Transparency and Explainability:
Choose Explainable AI: Opt for AI systems that provide transparent and understandable decision-making processes.
Documentation: Maintain thorough documentation of AI algorithms, data sources, and decision-making processes.
Stakeholder Communication: Clearly communicate with stakeholders about how AI is being used and how decisions are made.
3. Maintaining Privacy and Security:
Data Privacy: Ensure that AI systems comply with data privacy laws and regulations, like GDPR.
Secure Data Practices: Implement robust data security measures to protect sensitive information AI systems use.
Consent and Anonymization: Obtain necessary consent for data usage and anonymize data where possible.
4. Managing Job Displacement Concerns:
Employee Engagement: Involve employees in the process of integrating AI into projects, addressing concerns about job displacement.
Upskilling and Reskilling: Provide opportunities for team members to upskill or reskill to work effectively alongside AI.
Human-Centric Approach: Position AI as a tool to augment human capabilities, not replace them.
5. Adhering to Legal and Ethical Standards:
Compliance with Laws: Ensure AI applications comply with all relevant laws and regulations.
Ethical Guidelines: Adhere to ethical guidelines provided by professional bodies such as PMI or IEEE.
6. Inclusive and Collaborative Approach:
Stakeholder Inclusion: Include diverse perspectives in decision-making about AI implementation.
Feedback Loops: Establish feedback mechanisms to learn and improve AI applications continuously.
7. Impact Assessment:
Regular Assessments: Regularly assess the AI system's impact on the project, team, and broader stakeholders.
Conclusion:
Applying AI ethically in project management requires a multifaceted approach that considers AI's technical, social, and ethical dimensions. As a project manager, it's crucial to stay informed about the evolving landscape of AI and continuously engage with team members, stakeholders, and experts to navigate these ethical challenges responsibly.

BR,

Markus
...
1 reply by Ian Whittingham
Dec 04, 2023 8:57 AM
Ian Whittingham
...
Thank you, Markus, this is a very helpful checklist.

When I look at your list, it strikes me that these steps are predominantly proactive, that is, these are the kind of actions a diligent project manager should always take to ensure that AI is applied ethically to their project. However, as we all know from experience, it is not always possible to account for the unintended consequences of project outcomes in our planning.

Planning should also include providing a means of remediation in the event that AI deployment results in either damages or harm to customers and consumers. This is a proactive step recommended in a Brookings Institute research paper on the role of corporations in addressing AI’s ethical dilemmas. You can read more about that here at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-to-...hical-dilemmas/

Alternatively, companies may wish to protect themselves from the risk of AI failures, both intentional and unintentional, by taking out appropriate forms of insurance. Ram Shankar Siva Kumar and Frank Nagle examine the case for AI and machine learning (ML) insurance in this Harvard Business Review article https://hbr.org/2020/04/the-case-for-ai-insurance
avatar
Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Dec 01, 2023 5:09 PM
Replying to Rami Kaibni
...
Ian, this is the question of the century as I've seen this question being asked so many times and I personally I am concerned about the Ethical and Security aspects of using AI because its still somehow unregulated and in its enfancy. Several ethical concerns comes to mind from Bias, Transparency, Accountability, Data Privacy and Security, to Impact on the Workforce.

We need to start taking steps as of now to address those ethical concerns like putting Ethical Guidliens and Policies, Training, Frequent Ethical Reviews, and Continuous Montioring.
One of the ways in which we can all prepare for the ethical challenges of AI is by looking at real world examples and learning from them. A great resource to help with this learning process is the AIAAIC Repository (AIAAIC stands for AI, Algorithmic, and Automation Incidents and Controversies).

The Repository is an open resource that details incidents and controversies driven by and relating to artificial intelligence, algorithms, and automation. By collecting, dissecting, and surfacing incidents and issues from a responsible, ethical 'outside-in' perspective in an objective and balanced manner, the Repository enables users to identify, examine, and understand the nature, risks, and impacts of AI, algorithms, and automation.

Highly recommended as a resource to help with researching practical solutions to AI ethical issues, the Repository can be accessed here at https://www.aiaaic.org/home
avatar
Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Dec 01, 2023 5:18 PM
Replying to Kiron Bondale
...
Ian -

Having an organization policy on the appropriate use of AI is a good starting point, so long as it focuses on establishing guardrails and not constraints on creative use of technology. As Rami has indicated, broad training for any interested staff is also key as it provides the opportunity to showcase appropriate and non-appropriate usage.

Kiron
Yes, organizational polices and appropriate guardrails are critical elements in creating environments in which AI is developed and applied ethically. This is something I examined last October in the following article, https://www.projectmanagement.com/articles...-intelligence-, in which I highlighted work been done by the Australian Government’s Department of Industry, Innovation and Science and the European Commission's High-Level Expert Group on AI to promote ethical frameworks and guidelines for AI.

Since I wrote the article, the race to develop more powerful and sophisticated generative AI, such as ChatGPT (released on November 30, 2022), has given much more urgent impetus to answering this question.
avatar
Sergio Luis Conte Helping to create solutions for everyone| Worldwide based Organizations Buenos Aires, Argentina
What does mean "ethically"? That´s the key point. And can not be taken without context, external and internal context. Are certified project/program managers whom are creating massive destruction weapons acting with ethic?. Again, the context matter.
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1 reply by Ian Whittingham
Dec 03, 2023 12:51 PM
Ian Whittingham
...
You raise a very important question, Sergio, about what “ethical” means in the context of using and consuming AI.

The general consensus appears to be that AI should be aligned with what we generally understand as common sense human values. The problem is, what we understand as common sense does not always translate into the same for an AI.
The challenges that this problem presents to developing ethical AI are discussed in this recent article https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-o...an-ai-really-be

In a recent study, Danica Dillon, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina, and other researchers observed that the moral judgements made by ChatGPT 3.5 had a correlation coefficient of r=0.95, that is, 95% of ChatGPT’s moral judgements were aligned with the same as made by human beings. You can view the results of this study here at https://nikett.github.io/gpt-as-participant/

While it is only one study, this appears to indicate that ChatGPT is capable of taking into account relative moral context and discriminating between degrees of goodness and badness when deciding an ethical question in the same way that a human being does.
avatar
Ricardo Sastre Martin Principal Consulting Project Management| Microsoft Madrid, Spain
At Microsoft in the feasibility analysis of the AI projects we follow an internal audit to assure the Microsoft Responsible AI principles will be applied: Fairness, Inclusiveness, Transparency, Accountability, Reliability & Safety, Privacy & Security. If the project doesn’t align to all the principles, then the project is cancelled
...
1 reply by Ian Whittingham
Dec 03, 2023 1:15 PM
Ian Whittingham
...
Thank you, Ricardo. I've just been reading through Microsoft's Responsible AI Standard - General Requirements (v2, June 2022), which is available to view here at https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RE5cmFl

Also good to see the Voluntary Commitments by Microsoft to
Advance Responsible AI Innovation (published on July 21, 2023) available online at https://blogs.microsoft.com/wp-content/upl...uly-21-2023.pdf

This level of transparency is essential to ensure that trustworthy AI is developed and used ethically, and not just by Microsoft.
avatar
Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Dec 03, 2023 4:54 AM
Replying to Sergio Luis Conte
...
What does mean "ethically"? That´s the key point. And can not be taken without context, external and internal context. Are certified project/program managers whom are creating massive destruction weapons acting with ethic?. Again, the context matter.
You raise a very important question, Sergio, about what “ethical” means in the context of using and consuming AI.

The general consensus appears to be that AI should be aligned with what we generally understand as common sense human values. The problem is, what we understand as common sense does not always translate into the same for an AI.
The challenges that this problem presents to developing ethical AI are discussed in this recent article https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-o...an-ai-really-be

In a recent study, Danica Dillon, a psychologist at the University of North Carolina, and other researchers observed that the moral judgements made by ChatGPT 3.5 had a correlation coefficient of r=0.95, that is, 95% of ChatGPT’s moral judgements were aligned with the same as made by human beings. You can view the results of this study here at https://nikett.github.io/gpt-as-participant/

While it is only one study, this appears to indicate that ChatGPT is capable of taking into account relative moral context and discriminating between degrees of goodness and badness when deciding an ethical question in the same way that a human being does.
avatar
Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Dec 03, 2023 12:50 PM
Replying to Ricardo Sastre Martin
...
At Microsoft in the feasibility analysis of the AI projects we follow an internal audit to assure the Microsoft Responsible AI principles will be applied: Fairness, Inclusiveness, Transparency, Accountability, Reliability & Safety, Privacy & Security. If the project doesn’t align to all the principles, then the project is cancelled
Thank you, Ricardo. I've just been reading through Microsoft's Responsible AI Standard - General Requirements (v2, June 2022), which is available to view here at https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RE5cmFl

Also good to see the Voluntary Commitments by Microsoft to
Advance Responsible AI Innovation (published on July 21, 2023) available online at https://blogs.microsoft.com/wp-content/upl...uly-21-2023.pdf

This level of transparency is essential to ensure that trustworthy AI is developed and used ethically, and not just by Microsoft.
avatar
Ian Whittingham Managing Director| Calixo Consulting Golden Cross, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Dec 02, 2023 8:37 AM
Replying to Markus Kopko
...
Dear Ian,

When applying AI to project management, several ethical considerations must be considered. The most important ethical issues facing a project manager in this context include bias and fairness, transparency and explainability, privacy and security, and job displacement. Here are the steps I would take to ensure AI is applied ethically:

1. Understanding and Mitigating Bias:
Awareness of Bias: Recognize that AI algorithms can inherit biases in their training data, leading to unfair outcomes.
Diverse Data Sets: Ensure that the data used to train AI models is as diverse and representative as possible to minimize bias.
Regular Auditing: Implement regular audits of AI systems to identify and address any potential biases.
2. Ensuring Transparency and Explainability:
Choose Explainable AI: Opt for AI systems that provide transparent and understandable decision-making processes.
Documentation: Maintain thorough documentation of AI algorithms, data sources, and decision-making processes.
Stakeholder Communication: Clearly communicate with stakeholders about how AI is being used and how decisions are made.
3. Maintaining Privacy and Security:
Data Privacy: Ensure that AI systems comply with data privacy laws and regulations, like GDPR.
Secure Data Practices: Implement robust data security measures to protect sensitive information AI systems use.
Consent and Anonymization: Obtain necessary consent for data usage and anonymize data where possible.
4. Managing Job Displacement Concerns:
Employee Engagement: Involve employees in the process of integrating AI into projects, addressing concerns about job displacement.
Upskilling and Reskilling: Provide opportunities for team members to upskill or reskill to work effectively alongside AI.
Human-Centric Approach: Position AI as a tool to augment human capabilities, not replace them.
5. Adhering to Legal and Ethical Standards:
Compliance with Laws: Ensure AI applications comply with all relevant laws and regulations.
Ethical Guidelines: Adhere to ethical guidelines provided by professional bodies such as PMI or IEEE.
6. Inclusive and Collaborative Approach:
Stakeholder Inclusion: Include diverse perspectives in decision-making about AI implementation.
Feedback Loops: Establish feedback mechanisms to learn and improve AI applications continuously.
7. Impact Assessment:
Regular Assessments: Regularly assess the AI system's impact on the project, team, and broader stakeholders.
Conclusion:
Applying AI ethically in project management requires a multifaceted approach that considers AI's technical, social, and ethical dimensions. As a project manager, it's crucial to stay informed about the evolving landscape of AI and continuously engage with team members, stakeholders, and experts to navigate these ethical challenges responsibly.

BR,

Markus
Thank you, Markus, this is a very helpful checklist.

When I look at your list, it strikes me that these steps are predominantly proactive, that is, these are the kind of actions a diligent project manager should always take to ensure that AI is applied ethically to their project. However, as we all know from experience, it is not always possible to account for the unintended consequences of project outcomes in our planning.

Planning should also include providing a means of remediation in the event that AI deployment results in either damages or harm to customers and consumers. This is a proactive step recommended in a Brookings Institute research paper on the role of corporations in addressing AI’s ethical dilemmas. You can read more about that here at https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-to-...hical-dilemmas/

Alternatively, companies may wish to protect themselves from the risk of AI failures, both intentional and unintentional, by taking out appropriate forms of insurance. Ram Shankar Siva Kumar and Frank Nagle examine the case for AI and machine learning (ML) insurance in this Harvard Business Review article https://hbr.org/2020/04/the-case-for-ai-insurance
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