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What is the platinum standard for “communicating back to our customer” our understanding of their requirement?

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George Freeman Thought Leader | Author | Architect| Florida, United States
Why do physical-world architects (e.g., residential, commercial, landscape, interior, industrial, etc.) use static and dynamic imagery as their primary mechanism to “reflect back to the customer” their understanding of the stated requirements for a project?

We don’t need to think twice about the answer, as it’s glaringly obvious. Visuals provide a fidelity of knowledge that is unsurpassed among the methods of communication purposed to transfer knowledge from one human to another.

Why is that? Visuals provide a venue where challenge-based thought thrives, and one can examine thought perspectives (e.g., creative, abstract, analytic, concrete, etc.) that stimulate the interrogation of a problem or solution with little or no conscious effort.

Questions:

[1] So, if we agree that the physical-world architect’s method of communicating "their understanding of the requirements" to their customers is best-of-class, why would we aspire to any standard that falls short of visualization?

[2] Although a higher burden is associated with bringing requirements to this level, is this a valid reason to abort or not consider the effort?

[3] What consequences do project professionals face when they do not advocate for and direct their teams to communicate project knowledge at this level of quality?
 
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Kiron Bondale Retired | Mentor| Retired Welland, Ontario, Canada
George -

This is one of the reasons why it is not just face-to-face communication, but face-to-face communication around a shared modeling platform (e.g. a whiteboard) which can create shared understanding the quickest.

It also underscores the benefits of Deming's PDSA cycle and short feedback loops where having something to demonstrate to a stakeholder can help them better understand what they really need rather than a voluminous requirements specification which will just be a cure for insomnia.

Kiron
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William M Hayden Jr Adjunct Assistant Professor| University at Buffalo, School of Management, Operations Management & Strategy Buffalo, Ny, United States
Great question George!
While projects have requirements,
clients have expectations.
Until one is able to first understand their client's expectations,
and translate them into requirements, suggest NOT going past the 2% schedule requirements.
Cheers,
Bill
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1 reply by George Freeman
Apr 23, 2024 12:47 PM
George Freeman
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Bill,

Your 2% rule makes sense and strongly emphasizes the importance of not moving ahead until you have “resolved” your customer's expectations.
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Keith Novak Tukwila, Wa, United States
I would argue that visual depictions of architecture are not the gold standard, but rather one effective method to convey some aspects.

A well-described architecture is used for far more than communicating requirements to a customer. For example, it also lays out key concepts that must be elaborated upon in detail by engineering. Not all important concepts of architectures are conveyed most effectively through graphics, especially those that involve processes. The physical aspects are what is most often thought of as architecture, but there are also functional views (what it does), logical (how it does that), concept of operations, etc.

Some systems are more easily depicted visually. A highway traffic interchange may be explained by both static and dynamic graphics of how it manages flow. An OV-1 diagram may be used to show how some physical system is used, monitored, and maintained. Describing the chemical processes occurring in various stages of a sewage treatment plant may be abstracted as block diagrams rather than pictures of settling ponds. Describing the HVAC systems of a building has some visual aspects but also more technical thermal exchange requirements. Safety requirements may be best conveyed as a specific set of building and public safety codes. User stories are a hybrid way to explain requirements, functionality, and operational concepts in a descriptive narrative that may or may not include graphics.

Just like different project delivery models may be more or less effective depending on the project context, so may different ways of describing information relevant to a type of product or system.
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1 reply by George Freeman
Apr 23, 2024 12:21 PM
George Freeman
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Even in the case of logical and functional views of processes or entities, visualization (in my book) serves as a best-practice vehicle to communicate knowledge across a disparate and diverse set of consumers, especially when a “time” or “lifecycle” element is in play (e.g., swimming lanes, flowcharting, landscaping, etc.).

However, I would concede that “not everything” is best characterized through a visualization approach, but does that mean we should not advocate visualization as a best practice?
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George Freeman Thought Leader | Author | Architect| Florida, United States
Apr 23, 2024 11:38 AM
Replying to Keith Novak
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I would argue that visual depictions of architecture are not the gold standard, but rather one effective method to convey some aspects.

A well-described architecture is used for far more than communicating requirements to a customer. For example, it also lays out key concepts that must be elaborated upon in detail by engineering. Not all important concepts of architectures are conveyed most effectively through graphics, especially those that involve processes. The physical aspects are what is most often thought of as architecture, but there are also functional views (what it does), logical (how it does that), concept of operations, etc.

Some systems are more easily depicted visually. A highway traffic interchange may be explained by both static and dynamic graphics of how it manages flow. An OV-1 diagram may be used to show how some physical system is used, monitored, and maintained. Describing the chemical processes occurring in various stages of a sewage treatment plant may be abstracted as block diagrams rather than pictures of settling ponds. Describing the HVAC systems of a building has some visual aspects but also more technical thermal exchange requirements. Safety requirements may be best conveyed as a specific set of building and public safety codes. User stories are a hybrid way to explain requirements, functionality, and operational concepts in a descriptive narrative that may or may not include graphics.

Just like different project delivery models may be more or less effective depending on the project context, so may different ways of describing information relevant to a type of product or system.
Even in the case of logical and functional views of processes or entities, visualization (in my book) serves as a best-practice vehicle to communicate knowledge across a disparate and diverse set of consumers, especially when a “time” or “lifecycle” element is in play (e.g., swimming lanes, flowcharting, landscaping, etc.).

However, I would concede that “not everything” is best characterized through a visualization approach, but does that mean we should not advocate visualization as a best practice?
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George Freeman Thought Leader | Author | Architect| Florida, United States
A major contributor to projects falling short of objective success is the idea that we “gather requirements,” whether related to understanding a customer’s business need (i.e., preliminary requirements) or the formal requirements of record that direct the deliverables of the project.

Stated differently: We should be in the business of “generating requirements” versus gathering them.

In addition, as represented through Kiron’s PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) and shared-modeling-platform reference, we should avoid linear/vertical thinking practices when it comes to requirements (or maybe better stated—everything) and instead embrace elicitation and ideation-based approaches that mine knowledge through visualization.

Although PDSA is solid, my preferred ideation approach follows a pseudo design thinking pattern I call “Challengescaping,” which uses a [A] Discovery, [B] Refinement, and [C] Composition cycle to guide the definition of a problem, collect its knowledge, and resolve its solutions.

That said, a good project manager recognizes the need to question “that which is known,” as unvetted knowledge cultivates failure.
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George Freeman Thought Leader | Author | Architect| Florida, United States
Apr 23, 2024 8:31 AM
Replying to William M Hayden Jr
...
Great question George!
While projects have requirements,
clients have expectations.
Until one is able to first understand their client's expectations,
and translate them into requirements, suggest NOT going past the 2% schedule requirements.
Cheers,
Bill
Bill,

Your 2% rule makes sense and strongly emphasizes the importance of not moving ahead until you have “resolved” your customer's expectations.
avatar
William M Hayden Jr Adjunct Assistant Professor| University at Buffalo, School of Management, Operations Management & Strategy Buffalo, Ny, United States
Thanks George!

And I may add:
"Until you have “resolved” your customer's expectations."

Suggest "translated" or "Unbundled" such into requirements.
Cheers,
Bill
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Mike Frenette Manager, IT PMO| Halifax Water (retired) Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Many years ago I introduced prototyping concepts to the oil and gas company I worked for at the time. It used database and data concepts to create sample systems based solely on data structure using what we referred to as CRUDs (Create, Read, Update, Delete for non-IT people). This was expanded by a colleague a few years later to CUDDL (Create, Update, Display, Delete, List). I have to say the second rendition of this acronym was much more acceptable. After all, would you like some crud? Or would you prefer a cuddle?

But I digress.

The systems we were creating at the time were very data heavy, information systems mainly. See input screens, lists, reports, displays and the mechanics of maintaining the data was key to finding holes in the requirements. They beauty of the approach was that it was data focused, using Dr. E.F. Codd data design methods, and once the data was structured, a push of a button produced the system. Demonstrations of the prototype immediately highlighted any issues, often with missing data structures or relationships. Once corrected, another push of a button produced the corrected system.

This method was visualizaztion of something very abstract and it worked very well. It lent itself to a sort of Agile approach with iterations that pre-dated the invention of Agile and Sprints.

To apply this little story from the eighties to the questions you asked, George:

[1] So, if we agree that the physical-world architect’s method of communicating "their understanding of the requirements" to their customers is best-of-class, why would we aspire to any standard that falls short of visualization?

Totally agree. The method of showing a working system rather than having some one read a document (the [boring and mind-numbing] gold standard at the time) provided a clear understanding of what was coming, and highlighted any issues that could be quickly corrected..

[2] Although a higher burden is associated with bringing requirements to this level, is this a valid reason to abort or not consider the effort?

The point here I believe, is to structure the approach so that it is, indeed, not a higher burden, such that something can be quickly created, showcased, and if it doesn't work, try again. The prototyping method.

But, if a higher burden is required because it is too complex to generate the model based on a piece of work you have to do anyway (in the case of my example, data design), it may very well still be worthwhile. Everything comes down to quality, time and cost in the end. So if not building visual models introduces rework effort that is beyond the effort of building a visual model in the first place, one would have to agree that the modelling effort is worthwhile. The trick is in knowing this in advance. One needs binoculars, not a rear view mirror. ;)

[3] What consequences do project professionals face when they do not advocate for and direct their teams to communicate project knowledge at this level of quality?

Consequences might include not meeting client expectations, being late, cost overruns, budget overruns and so on. All those things we used to hear about in the "Chaos reports" of years past.

Thanks for the thought-provoking post, George.

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Michael Browning Director, Cybersecurity| Vanderbilt University Nashville, United States
Thank you, this was a very interesting read!

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