Oh this is a good question. I end up using software solutions that simulate a lot of these techniques - have never really had cause to go outside the software framework.
Tagging this thread to read other responses. Saving Changes...
I believe the most powerful tool is the EVA (Earned Value Analysis). It is a nice way of expressing a complex project into a single set of curves that informs about the progress and helps you make decisions. Saving Changes...
"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas."