Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
Where we might disagree (but not sure yet) is project work consumes organizational capability.
This term “organizational capability” is simply too ambiguous for me to know what to do with. Could I print out “Organizational Capability?” Could I google an example and find a visual of what this is?
My best guess to respond to this (and I might be off-track and misinterpreting) is that project work consumes Current State and spits out Future State.
“Organizational capabilities” … you might mean “Current State Operations.” If so, this quickly gets more tangible for me.
My point of view is that the culture, actions, and habits of the project team shape the culture (and generations of Future State) of Operations.
Again, I’ll pause for reaction and mutual understanding.
Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
You propose that fragmented authority is an Org Design issue. I might agree with that, but again, Org Design feels like a big umbrella. Too squishy and ambiguous for me to know for sure.
But one plain, even if tentative, disagreement we have is that I do see fragmented authority as a project framework issue.
I grasp your question, “Which organizational structures create fragmented authority?” Although, even then we might need to double-click on the term fragmented authority to reduce ambiguity. 😊
The fragment I see is the combination of an Org Chart and RACI.
An org chart (hierarchy) formalizes authority without accountability. Lucky folks.
A RACI formalizes accountability without authority. Unlucky folks.
That decoupling sets teams and individuals up for failure.
Does RACI propagate fragmented authority?
Does RACI simply expose it?
I lean toward “propagate,” but I don’t feel strongly on this point.
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1 reply by Aaron Porter
Jul 27, 2026 11:08 AM
Aaron Porter
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I think the common thread across your responses is that you're placing projects at the center of organizational change, whereas I'm viewing projects as operating within a broader organizational system. I agree projects influence future operations, but I don't think they are the primary mechanism by which organizations develop capabilities. Strategy, governance, organizational design, leadership, funding models, incentives, and decision structures all shape what projects are able to accomplish long before a project framework enters the picture. Likewise, I see tools like RACI as describing existing authority relationships rather than creating them. If authority is fragmented, that's usually a characteristic of the organization itself, not of the project framework.
I'm curious how much of our difference in perspective comes from the environments we've worked in. Most of my experience has been in businesses where projects exist to improve ongoing capabilities, so I naturally see governance, organizational design, and decision structures as upstream of projects. Have you spent most of your career in organizations where projects themselves were the primary operating model? If so, that might explain why we're placing the center of gravity in different places.
You propose that fragmented authority is an Org Design issue. I might agree with that, but again, Org Design feels like a big umbrella. Too squishy and ambiguous for me to know for sure.
But one plain, even if tentative, disagreement we have is that I do see fragmented authority as a project framework issue.
I grasp your question, “Which organizational structures create fragmented authority?” Although, even then we might need to double-click on the term fragmented authority to reduce ambiguity. 😊
The fragment I see is the combination of an Org Chart and RACI.
An org chart (hierarchy) formalizes authority without accountability. Lucky folks.
A RACI formalizes accountability without authority. Unlucky folks.
That decoupling sets teams and individuals up for failure.
Does RACI propagate fragmented authority?
Does RACI simply expose it?
I lean toward “propagate,” but I don’t feel strongly on this point.
I think the common thread across your responses is that you're placing projects at the center of organizational change, whereas I'm viewing projects as operating within a broader organizational system. I agree projects influence future operations, but I don't think they are the primary mechanism by which organizations develop capabilities. Strategy, governance, organizational design, leadership, funding models, incentives, and decision structures all shape what projects are able to accomplish long before a project framework enters the picture. Likewise, I see tools like RACI as describing existing authority relationships rather than creating them. If authority is fragmented, that's usually a characteristic of the organization itself, not of the project framework.
I'm curious how much of our difference in perspective comes from the environments we've worked in. Most of my experience has been in businesses where projects exist to improve ongoing capabilities, so I naturally see governance, organizational design, and decision structures as upstream of projects. Have you spent most of your career in organizations where projects themselves were the primary operating model? If so, that might explain why we're placing the center of gravity in different places. Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
Nodding to much of what you shared, Aaron.
When you’re good with a hammer, everything looks like a nail. I’m Exhibit A of being guilty of this. I have a strong background in the performing arts, and I see immense value in imitating the culture traits of the performing arts.
In operations work AND in innovation work.
The performing arts give us culture traits such as synchronization, low latency, simplicity, and clarity. But the list of culture traits to adopt in project work … that list … not an exaggeration … it’s 100 long.
Another benefit of the performing arts is that the culture traits are not squishy. They are pointy. The culture traits are explicit without being rigid.
Squishiness discourages overt disagreement, but tolerates covert disagreement. Inauthentic stakeholders stay on the bus – not good.
Pointiness encourages overt disagreement, but does not tolerate covert disagreement. Inauthentic stakeholders get off the bus – good! 😊
Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
A few quotes also guide my approach to teamwork.
Peter Drucker, "Culture eats Strategy for lunch." (so Strategy is downstream from culture) Greg Creed (past Yum! CEO), "Culture fuels results." (so NOT the Org Chart) Neil DeGrasse Tyson, "The cross pollination of disciplines is fundamental to truly revolutionary advances in our culture."
Synthesizing these three business and thought leaders, the wrong sequence is ...
"What are we to each other?" "What do we want to imitate?"
Values & Principles are squishy. They harbor lip service, inauthenticity, double standards, and untrustworthiness. So when someone whips out Values & Principles, I know they're embedded in a culture of systemic tolerance for untrustworthiness.
Metaphors are much less squishy. They undermine lip service, inauthenticity, and double standards. The right metaphors (such as the performing arts) shape a culture of systematic intolerance for untrustworthiness. Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
One project management thought leader, Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, shares a quote, “Project are our future. When our projects succeed, our future succeeds. When our projects fail, our future fails.” I subscribe to this.
I don’t focus on Operations because I don’t believe that the world’s most important disagreements and dysfunction reside there. The world’s most important disagreements and dysfunction reside in Innovation; i.e., how or why we would change.
Improving Operations depends on the trustworthiness of Innovation.
I don’t believe innovation trustworthiness depends on Current Operations.
We must fix innovation trustworthiness (project methodology) to stop incurring “Innovation Debt.” We have high “Methodology Debt.”
We are trying to fix 21st century problems with 20th century methodologies that carry around baggage from the mid and late 1990s, even earlier.
Another possible lens is that you see “Innovation Debt.” I see “Methodology Debt.”
If we stay buried in Methodology Debt, it’s very difficult to pay back Innovation Debt.
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1 reply by Aaron Porter
Jul 28, 2026 12:43 AM
Aaron Porter
...
I don't want to just disappear from the conversation without saying anything. This has been interesting, but I think our perspectives are different enough that I'm not able to meaningfully contribute to the conversation.
I appreciate the thoughtful exchange, and am interested to see how the discussion evolves.
Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
I'd welcome collaborating on 3 (or more) pools of information. I suspect these lists are not very long. Here's a first draft ... reactions, ideas, pushback, questions welcome.
One project management thought leader, Antonio Nieto-Rodriguez, shares a quote, “Project are our future. When our projects succeed, our future succeeds. When our projects fail, our future fails.” I subscribe to this.
I don’t focus on Operations because I don’t believe that the world’s most important disagreements and dysfunction reside there. The world’s most important disagreements and dysfunction reside in Innovation; i.e., how or why we would change.
Improving Operations depends on the trustworthiness of Innovation.
I don’t believe innovation trustworthiness depends on Current Operations.
We must fix innovation trustworthiness (project methodology) to stop incurring “Innovation Debt.” We have high “Methodology Debt.”
We are trying to fix 21st century problems with 20th century methodologies that carry around baggage from the mid and late 1990s, even earlier.
Another possible lens is that you see “Innovation Debt.” I see “Methodology Debt.”
If we stay buried in Methodology Debt, it’s very difficult to pay back Innovation Debt.
I don't want to just disappear from the conversation without saying anything. This has been interesting, but I think our perspectives are different enough that I'm not able to meaningfully contribute to the conversation.
I appreciate the thoughtful exchange, and am interested to see how the discussion evolves. Saving Changes...
Robert SnyderFounder & President| Innovation Elegance, LLCChicago, Il, United States
You've been a gracious volleying partner, Aaron! I anticipate that the topic will meet a quiet demise. 😊 Saving Changes...
Luis BrancoCEO| Business Insight, Consultores de Gestão, LdªCarcavelos, Lisboa, Portugal
Jul 26, 2026 2:30 PM
Replying to Robert Snyder
...
Thank you, Luis. Three questions, if you like them …
Question One. Would you be willing to double-click a few times on the term “architecture?”
·I pair the word “methodology” with systems thinking … systemic and systematic. ·Is “architectural” something OTHER than ... and outside ... systems thinking?
Question Two. Would you also be willing to double-click a few times on the term “organizational conditions?”
Question Three. If I give you a single framework of “Five Verbs” (as a forcing function and “liberating structure”), how many different directions might you go next? The Five Verbs are Draft, Review, Revise, Approve, Distribute. Asked a different way …
“What project work fits into this framework?”
Thank you, Robert. These are excellent questions because they help distinguish between different levels of organizational analysis that are often discussed together but are not the same.
Question One. What do I mean by organizational architecture? I do not see organizational architecture as something outside systems thinking. Rather, I see it as one of its practical applications. Systems thinking is an analytical perspective. It helps us understand how elements, relationships, feedback loops, delays, incentives, constraints, and emergent behaviors interact to produce organizational outcomes. Organizational architecture is the configuration of the organizational system through which authority, accountability, roles, governance, capabilities, information, resources, incentives, coordination mechanisms, and decision structures are arranged to enable coherent organizational action. Some aspects of that architecture are deliberately designed, while others emerge over time through organizational evolution, historical decisions, and accumulated practices. I would also distinguish systemic from systematic. Systemic concerns the behavior of the organization as an interconnected whole. Systematic concerns performing work through structured and repeatable processes. A methodology may be systematic and may incorporate systems thinking, but methodology and systems thinking are not equivalent concepts. In that sense:
Systems thinking helps explain why organizational patterns emerge.
Organizational architecture preserves, distributes, and coordinates the conditions under which those patterns are likely to emerge.
Frameworks provide structured ways of organizing recurring patterns of work or decision-making.
Methodologies describe how those patterns are executed in practice.
This distinction also explains why the same framework can produce very different outcomes in different organizations. The framework may remain unchanged, while the organizational architecture within which it operates does not.
Question Two. What do I mean by organizational conditions? By organizational conditions, I mean the concrete and observable conditions that determine whether people are genuinely able to perform the responsibilities assigned to them. These include, among others:
Access to relevant information and organizational context;
Legitimate decision authority;
Clearly defined accountability;
Appropriate knowledge and capability;
Sufficient resources and time;
Governance mechanisms;
Aligned incentives;
Clear interfaces between functions;
Effective escalation paths;
Timely feedback from outcomes.
These are not abstract contextual factors. They directly influence organizational behavior and organizational outcomes. For example, assigning responsibility for resolving a cross-functional dependency has limited practical meaning if the individual lacks the authority to influence the relevant functions, cannot obtain the required resources, has no effective escalation path, or operates within incentives that encourage each function to optimize its own objectives rather than the organization's. In such situations, the dysfunction is not primarily methodological. It is architectural. The organization has not preserved the conditions required for coherent action.
Question Three. What project work fits into the Five Verbs framework? Any project work that produces an artefact, proposal, recommendation, decision, or deliverable requiring progressive development, evaluation, refinement, authorization, and communication can naturally fit within the Five Verbs framework. This includes, for example:
Business cases;
Project charters;
Requirements;
Solution designs;
Schedules;
Estimates;
Risk responses;
Change requests;
Procurement documents;
Contracts;
Policies;
Reports;
Decision papers;
Acceptance documentation;
Lessons learned.
They all share a common characteristic. Before becoming organizationally actionable, they typically evolve through successive stages of creation, evaluation, refinement, authorization, and communication. The Five Verbs describe that progression in a simple and reusable way.
Draft creates the initial version of the artefact or decision under development.
Review evaluates it against evidence, expertise, requirements, constraints, risks, and stakeholder perspectives.
Revise incorporates what has been learned through the review.
Approve provides the legitimate authorization required for action.
Distribute communicates the authorized outcome to those who must use, implement, govern, or be informed by it.
That makes the framework broadly applicable across many types of project work. However, the framework does not, by itself, determine:
Who has the legitimate authority to draft;
Whose expertise should participate in the review;
What evidence justifies revision;
Who is authorized to approve;
How disagreements are resolved;
When escalation becomes necessary;
What accountability remains after approval;
How responsibilities are distributed following communication.
Those questions belong primarily to organizational architecture and governance rather than to the framework itself. Consequently, the same Five Verbs can produce very different organizational outcomes. In one organization, they may enable rapid learning, effective coordination, timely decisions, and clear accountability. In another, they may produce repeated reviews, approval bottlenecks, fragmented authority, delayed decisions, and procedural compliance without improving outcomes. The difference is not necessarily the framework itself. It is whether the surrounding organizational architecture preserves the conditions that allow the framework to operate coherently. For that reason, I see standardization and organizational architecture as complementary rather than competing ideas. Frameworks help organizations repeat valuable patterns of work and decision-making. Organizational architecture determines whether those patterns can operate coherently by preserving the conditions required for legitimate decision-making, effective collaboration, and sustainable organizational outcomes. For that reason, improving organizational performance often requires changing not only how work is performed, but also the organizational conditions under which that work is expected to succeed. Saving Changes...